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St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Monmouth ：ウィキペディア英語版

St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Monmouth

St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, in St Mary's Street near the centre of Monmouth, is the earliest post-Reformation Catholic public place of worship to be permitted in Wales. The church is a late Georgian Roman Catholic church with later Victorian additions by the Catholic convert architect Benjamin Bucknall.〔John Newman, ''The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire'', Penguin Books, 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1, p.398〕 It has been designated as a Grade II listed building since 15 August 1974,〔(Church of St. Mary R C, Monmouth ), Listed Buildings, accessed January 2012〕 and is one of 24 buildings on the Monmouth Heritage Trail.
==History and architecture==
After the sixteenth century, Monmouth was a centre for recusancy.〔Keith Kissack, ( ''Nonconformity in Monmouth'' ), Capel: The Chapels Heritage Society Newsletter, no.29, 1997〕 The town had, in 1773, one of the highest proportions of Catholics in England and Wales.〔 The Penal Laws against Catholics were relaxed in 1778, through the Papists Act, and Monmouth magistrates were petitioned to erect a "Public Catholick Chapel in the Town". One of the petitioners, Michael Watkins, was then the landlord of the Robin Hood Inn in Monnow Street, where Mass had been celebrated hitherto in an upper room.〔Keith Kissack, ''Monmouth and its Buildings'', Logaston Press, 2003, ISBN 1-904396-01-1, p.79〕〔Monmouth Civic Society, ''Monmouth Heritage Blue Plaque Trail'', n.d., p.18〕 Lobbying resulted in permission being given for this church three years before a similar church in Chepstow. However, because of a local by-law aimed at making Nonconformist and Catholic buildings as inconspicuous as possible,〔 it had to concede that the building should not look like a church. The entrance was not allowed to open on to the highway and Catholic worshippers were required to arrive at the chapel one at a time. The church was originally set back discreetly from the road, concealed by a row of cottages. The cottages were demolished in Bucknall's rebuilding, after discrimination against Catholics had been eased.〔
The original building forms the area of the present sanctuary and sacristy, and the stained glass window to the left of the sanctuary is Georgian Gothic in style. The earliest part of the church is the east end, of 1793.〔 In 1829 came Catholic Emancipation, and the chapel was extended in 1837 with the completion of the chancel, half the length of the present nave. This was followed in 1871 by an extensive rebuilding by Benjamin Bucknall.〔 This included the demolition of the cottages fronting the church and the erection of the tower and an elaborate frontage in Old Red Sandstone. Newman describes the "double bellcote crowned by a precipitously steep slate roof."〔 Internally, the font depicts the serpent of Eden entwined around the stem.〔(St Mary's Catholic Church, Monmouth: A Short History 1793-2009 ). Retrieved 16 January 2012〕
From 1835 to 1851 the Roman Catholic minister in Monmouth was Thomas Burgess who went on to be the Bishop of Clifton.〔Thompson Cooper, ‘Burgess, Thomas (1791–1854)’, rev. John Cashman, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 (accessed 31 Jan 2012 )〕

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